A brief review on Early Seedling Vigour and Rice Biofortification
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Abstract
Seedling vigour for the canopy establishment and production of increased yield under aerobic circumstances is vital. Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) are essential trace elements affront people’s energy and stamina worldwide and refrain from nutritional deficiencies arising from iron/zinc. Iron (Fe) plays a crucial role in chlorophyll and is essential for photosynthesis and energy generation through the electron transport chain. It is also important for root growth and nitrogen fixation, especially in legumes. In contrast, Zinc (Zn) serves as a cofactor for many enzymes that participate in metabolic processes, carbohydrate and protein synthesis, and the regulation of hormones. It is vital for photosynthesis, root growth, and important reproductive processes such as flowering and seed production. The biological enrichment of iron, zinc, manganese, and vitamins in rice provides seeds with power-packed nutrition and also economical and accessible to supplement the diet of poor people with this biofortified food. This review discusses progress and strategies to increase grain Iron, Zinc, Manganese and vitamins.
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References
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[18]. Recena R, García-López AM, Delgado A (2021) Zinc uptake by plants as affected by fertilization with Zinc sulfate, phosphorus availability, and soil properties. Agronomy 11:390. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020390
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[24]. Boonyaves K, Wu TY, Gruissem W, Bhullar NK (2017) Enhanced Grain Iron Levels in Rice Expressing an IRON-REGULATED METAL TRANSPORTER, NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE, and FERRITIN Gene Cassette. Front Plant Sci 8:130. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00130
[25]. Wu TY, Gruissem W, Bhullar NK (2018) Facilitated citrate-dependent iron translocation increases rice endosperm iron and zinc concentrations. Plant Sci 270:13. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.02.002
[26]. Majumder S, Datta K, Datta SK (2019) Rice biofortification: high iron, zinc, and vitamin-A to fight against “hidden hunger”. Agronomy 9: 803. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9120803
[27]. Dueñas CJ, Slamet-Loedin I, Macovei A (2021) Transcriptomics View over the Germination Landscape in Biofortified Rice. Genes (Basel) 12: 2013. doi: 10.3390/genes12122013
[28]. Lu L, Tian S, Liao H, Zhang J, Yang X, Labavitch JM, Chen W (2013) Analysis of metal element distributions in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds and relocation during germination based on X-ray fluorescence imaging of Zn, Fe, K, Ca, and Mn. PLoS One 8: e57360. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057360
[29]. Ishimaru Y, Masuda H, Bashir K, Inoue H, Tsukamoto T, Takahashi M, Nakanishi H, Aoki N, Hirose T, Ohsugi R, Nishizawa NK (2010) Rice metal‐nicotianaminetransporter, OsYSL2, is required for the long‐distance transport of iron and manganese. The Plant J 62: 379. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2010.04158.x
[30]. Broad RC, Bonneau JP, Beasley JT, Roden S, Sadowski P, Jewell N, Brien C, Berger B, Tako E, Glahn RP, Hellens RP (2020) Effect of rice GDP-L-Galactose Phosphorylase constitutive overexpression on ascorbate concentration, stress tolerance, and iron bioavailability in rice Front. Plant Sci 11: 595439. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.595439
[31]. Ye N, Zhu G, Liu Y, Zhang A, Li Y, Liu R, Shi L, Jia L, Zhang J (2012) Ascorbic acid and reactive oxygen species are involved in the inhibition of seed germination by abscisic acid in rice seeds. J Exp Bot 63: 1809. doi: 10.1093/jxb/err336
[32]. Rashid A, Ram H, Zou CQ, Rerkasem B, Duarte AP, Simunji S, Yazici A, Guo S, Rizwan M, Bal RS, Wang Z (2019) Effect of zinc-biofortified seeds on grain yield of wheat, rice, and common bean grown in six countries. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 18: 79. doi: 10.1002/jpln.201800577
[33]. Xu HH, Liu SJ, Song SH, Wang WQ, Møller IM, Song SQ (2016) Proteome changes associated with dormancy release of Dongxiang wild rice seeds. J Plant Physiol 206: 68. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.08.016
[34]. He Y, Cheng J, He Y, Yang B, Cheng Y, Yang C, Zhang H, Wang Z (2019) Influence of isopropylmalate synthase OsIPMS1 on seed vigour associated with amino acid and energy metabolism in rice. Plant Biotechnol J 17:322. doi: 10.1111/pbi.12979
[35]. Yang J, Su L, Li D, Luo L, Sun K, Yang M, Gu F, Xia A, Liu Y, Wang H, Chen Z (2020) Dynamic transcriptome and metabolome analyses of two types of rice during the seed germination and young seedling growth stages. BMC Genomics 21: 603. doi: 10.1186/s1284-020-07024-9
[36]. He D, Wang Q, Wang K, Yang P (2015) Genome-wide dissection of the microRNA expression profile in rice embryo during early stages of seed germination. PLoS One 10: e0145424. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145424
[37]. Zhang G, Liu Y, Gui R, Wang Z, Li Z, Han Y, Guo X, Sun J (2021) Comparative multi-omics analysis of hypoxic germination tolerance in weedy rice embryos and coleoptiles. Genomics 113: 3337. doi: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.07.021
[38]. Lim MN, Lee SE, Chang WY, Yoon IS, Hwang YS (2021) Comparison of transcriptomic adjustments to availability of sugar, cellular energy, and oxygen in germinating rice embryos. J Plant Physiol 264: 153471. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153471
[39]. Alam R, Hummel M, Yeung E, Locke AM, Ignacio JCI, Baltazar MD, Jia Z, Ismail AM, Septiningsih EM, Bailey‐Serres J (2020) Flood resilience loci SUBMERGENCE 1 and ANAEROBIC GERMINATION 1 interact in seedlings established underwater. Plant Direct 2020, 4: e00240. doi: 10.1002/pld3.240
[40]. Hussain S, Yin H, Peng S, Khan FA, Khan F, Sameeullah M, Hussain HA, Huang J, Cui K, Nie L (2016) Comparative transcriptional profiling of primed and non-primed rice seedlings under submergence stress. Front Plant Sci 7: 1125. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01125
[41]. Hisano H, Abe F, Hoffie RE, Kumlehn J (2021) Targeted genome modifications in cereal crops. Breeding Sci. 71: 405. doi: 10.1270/jsbbs.21019
[42]. Shahbaz U, Yu XB, Akhtar W, Ndagijimana R, Rauf H (2020) Golden rice to eradicate vitamin A deficiency in developing countries. Europ J Nutrition & Food Safety 12: 53. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-017-0136-2
[43]. Tian YS, Xu J, Wang B, Fu XY, Gao JJ, Han HJ, Li ZJ, Wang LJ, Zhang FJ, Zhang WH, Deng YD (2021) Riboflavin fortification of rice endosperm by metabolic engineering. Plant Biotechnol J 19: 1483. doi: 10.1111/pbi.13615
[44]. Strobbe S, Verstraete J, Stove C, Van Der Straeten D (2021) Metabolic engineering of rice endosperm towards higher vitamin B1 accumulation. Plant Biotechnol J 19: 1253. doi: 10.1111/pbi.13545
[2]. Vemireddy, Lakshminaryana&Bollineni, Swarajyalakshmi& Naik, Bukya& Naik, Suresh & Kadambari, Gopalakrishnamurthy& Reddy, G & Malathi, S & Reddy, Eswar &Akkareddy, Srividhya & Sekhar, M & Tanti, Bahben&Badugu, Krishna & Lakshmi, B & Naik, S & Murty, Gopalakrishna & Reddy, G & Reddy, E & Srividhya, Akkareddy& Lakshmi, B. (2020). Genetic diversity, population structure and allele mining of genes governing grain size related traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Genetika. 52. 10.2298/GENSR2003991B.
[3]. Rose TJ and Raymond CA (2020) Seed phosphorus effects on rice seedling vigour in soils differing in phosphorus status. Agronomy 10:1919.
[4]. Brar AS, Kaur K, Sharma R, Sindhu VK (2021) Performance of rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars as influenced by irrigation regimes and establishment methods. The Ind J Agric Sci 91:1296-1301. doi:10.56093/ijas.v91i9.116073
[5]. Mahender A, Anandan A, Pradhan SK (2015) Early seedling vigour, an imperative trait for direct-seeded rice: an overview on physio-morphological parameters and molecular markers. Planta 241:1027. doi: 10.1007/s00425-015-2273-9.
[6]. Bharamappanavara M, Madhyavenkatapura AS, Appaiah MC, Patil BS, Vijjeswarapu A, Senguttuvel P, Madhav MS, Rathod S, Mondal TK, Ramappa L, Mathada UR (2023) Genetic analysis of early seedling vigour in Oryza glaberrima accessions under laboratory and direct-seeded rice conditions. Cer Res Comm 51:991-1002. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-023-00349-7
[7]. Singh UM, Yadav S, Dixit S, Ramayya PJ, Devi MN, Raman KA, Kumar A (2017) QTL hotspots for early vigour and related traits under dry direct-seeded system in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Front Plant Sci 8:286. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00286
[8]. Anandan A, Mahender A, Sah RP, Bose LK, Subudhi H, Meher J, Reddy JN, Ali J (2020) Non-destructive phenotyping for early seedling vigour in direct-seeded rice. Plant Methods 16:1. doi: 10.1186/s13007-020-00666-6
[9]. Zhao J, He Y, Huang S, Wang Z (2021) Advances in the identification of quantitative trait loci and genes involved in seed vigor in rice. Front Plant Sci 12:659307. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.659307
[10]. Akshitha B, Senguttuvel P, Latha VH, Yamini KN, Rani KJ, Beulah P (2020) Variability and Correlation Analysis for Seedling Vigour Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 9: 2877. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.907.341
[11]. Zhang A, Liu C, Chen G, Hong K, Gao Y, Tian P, Peng Y, Zhang B, Ruan B, Jiang H, Guo L (2017) Genetic analysis for rice seedling vigor and fine mapping of a major QTL qSSL1b for seedling shoot length. Breed Sci 67: 307. doi: 10.1270/jsbbs.16195
[12]. Stanton C, Sanders D, Krämer U, Podar D (2021) Zinc in plants: Integrating homeostasis and biofortification. Molecul Plant 15: 65. doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.12.008
[13]. Pradhan SK, Pandit E, Pawar S, Pradhan A, Behera L, Das SR, Pathak H (2020) Genetic regulation of homeostasis, uptake, bio-fortification and efficiency enhancement of iron in rice. Environ Exp Bot 177:104066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2020.104066
[14]. Díaz-Benito P, Banakar R, Rodríguez-Menéndez S, Capell T, Pereiro R, Christou P, Abadía J, Fernández B, Álvarez-Fernández (2018) A Iron and zinc in the embryo and endosperm of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds in contrasting 2′-deoxymugineic acid/nicotianamine scenarios. Front Plant Sci 9:1190. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01190
[15]. Zhang X, Xiao K, Li S, Li J, Huang J, Chen R, Pang S, Zhou X (2022) Genome-wide analysis of the NAAT, DMAS, TOM, and ENA gene families in maize suggests their roles in mediating iron homeostasis. BMC Plant Biol 22:1. doi: 10.1186/s12870-021-03422-7
[16]. Zhang X, Zhang D, Sun W, Wang T (2019) The adaptive mechanism of plants to Iron deficiency via iron uptake, transport, and homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 20:2424. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20102424
[17]. Sharma S, Chandra S, Kumar A, Bindraban P, Saxena AK, Pande V, Pandey R (2019) Foliar application of iron fortified bacteriosiderophore improves growth and grain iron concentration in wheat and soybean. Ind J Microbiol 59:344. doi: 10.1007/s12088-019-00810-4.
[18]. Recena R, García-López AM, Delgado A (2021) Zinc uptake by plants as affected by fertilization with Zinc sulfate, phosphorus availability, and soil properties. Agronomy 11:390. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020390
[19]. Bashir K, Nozoye T, Ishimaru Y, Nakanishi H, Nishizawa NK (2013) Exploiting new tools for iron bio-fortification of rice. Biotechnol Adv 31:1624-1633. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.08.012
[20]. Bunquin MAB, Tandy S, Beebout SJ, Schulin R (2017) Influence of soil properties on zinc solubility dynamics under different redox conditions in non–calcareous soils. Pedosphere 27: 96. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(17)60299-6
[21]. Wang YY, Wei YY, Dong LX, Lu LL., Feng Y, Zhang J, Pan FS, Yang XE (2014) Improved yield and Zinc accumulation for rice grain by Zinc fertilization and optimized water management. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 15: 365. doi: 10.1631/jzus.B1300263
[22]. Anusha G, Rao DS, Jaldhani V, Beulah P, Neeraja CN, Gireesh C, Anantha MS, Suneetha K, Santhosha R, Prasad AH, Sundaram RM (2021) Grain Fe and Zn content, heterosis, combining ability and its association with grain yield in irrigate and aerobic rice. Sci Rep 11:1. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90038-4
[23]. Naik SM, Raman AK, Nagamallika M, Venkateshwarlu C, Singh SP, Kumar S, Singh SK, Ahmed T, Das SP, Prasad K, Izhar T (2020) Genotype× environment interactions for grain iron and zinc content in rice. J Sci Food Agric 100: 4150. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.10454
[24]. Boonyaves K, Wu TY, Gruissem W, Bhullar NK (2017) Enhanced Grain Iron Levels in Rice Expressing an IRON-REGULATED METAL TRANSPORTER, NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE, and FERRITIN Gene Cassette. Front Plant Sci 8:130. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00130
[25]. Wu TY, Gruissem W, Bhullar NK (2018) Facilitated citrate-dependent iron translocation increases rice endosperm iron and zinc concentrations. Plant Sci 270:13. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.02.002
[26]. Majumder S, Datta K, Datta SK (2019) Rice biofortification: high iron, zinc, and vitamin-A to fight against “hidden hunger”. Agronomy 9: 803. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9120803
[27]. Dueñas CJ, Slamet-Loedin I, Macovei A (2021) Transcriptomics View over the Germination Landscape in Biofortified Rice. Genes (Basel) 12: 2013. doi: 10.3390/genes12122013
[28]. Lu L, Tian S, Liao H, Zhang J, Yang X, Labavitch JM, Chen W (2013) Analysis of metal element distributions in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds and relocation during germination based on X-ray fluorescence imaging of Zn, Fe, K, Ca, and Mn. PLoS One 8: e57360. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057360
[29]. Ishimaru Y, Masuda H, Bashir K, Inoue H, Tsukamoto T, Takahashi M, Nakanishi H, Aoki N, Hirose T, Ohsugi R, Nishizawa NK (2010) Rice metal‐nicotianaminetransporter, OsYSL2, is required for the long‐distance transport of iron and manganese. The Plant J 62: 379. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2010.04158.x
[30]. Broad RC, Bonneau JP, Beasley JT, Roden S, Sadowski P, Jewell N, Brien C, Berger B, Tako E, Glahn RP, Hellens RP (2020) Effect of rice GDP-L-Galactose Phosphorylase constitutive overexpression on ascorbate concentration, stress tolerance, and iron bioavailability in rice Front. Plant Sci 11: 595439. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.595439
[31]. Ye N, Zhu G, Liu Y, Zhang A, Li Y, Liu R, Shi L, Jia L, Zhang J (2012) Ascorbic acid and reactive oxygen species are involved in the inhibition of seed germination by abscisic acid in rice seeds. J Exp Bot 63: 1809. doi: 10.1093/jxb/err336
[32]. Rashid A, Ram H, Zou CQ, Rerkasem B, Duarte AP, Simunji S, Yazici A, Guo S, Rizwan M, Bal RS, Wang Z (2019) Effect of zinc-biofortified seeds on grain yield of wheat, rice, and common bean grown in six countries. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 18: 79. doi: 10.1002/jpln.201800577
[33]. Xu HH, Liu SJ, Song SH, Wang WQ, Møller IM, Song SQ (2016) Proteome changes associated with dormancy release of Dongxiang wild rice seeds. J Plant Physiol 206: 68. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.08.016
[34]. He Y, Cheng J, He Y, Yang B, Cheng Y, Yang C, Zhang H, Wang Z (2019) Influence of isopropylmalate synthase OsIPMS1 on seed vigour associated with amino acid and energy metabolism in rice. Plant Biotechnol J 17:322. doi: 10.1111/pbi.12979
[35]. Yang J, Su L, Li D, Luo L, Sun K, Yang M, Gu F, Xia A, Liu Y, Wang H, Chen Z (2020) Dynamic transcriptome and metabolome analyses of two types of rice during the seed germination and young seedling growth stages. BMC Genomics 21: 603. doi: 10.1186/s1284-020-07024-9
[36]. He D, Wang Q, Wang K, Yang P (2015) Genome-wide dissection of the microRNA expression profile in rice embryo during early stages of seed germination. PLoS One 10: e0145424. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145424
[37]. Zhang G, Liu Y, Gui R, Wang Z, Li Z, Han Y, Guo X, Sun J (2021) Comparative multi-omics analysis of hypoxic germination tolerance in weedy rice embryos and coleoptiles. Genomics 113: 3337. doi: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.07.021
[38]. Lim MN, Lee SE, Chang WY, Yoon IS, Hwang YS (2021) Comparison of transcriptomic adjustments to availability of sugar, cellular energy, and oxygen in germinating rice embryos. J Plant Physiol 264: 153471. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153471
[39]. Alam R, Hummel M, Yeung E, Locke AM, Ignacio JCI, Baltazar MD, Jia Z, Ismail AM, Septiningsih EM, Bailey‐Serres J (2020) Flood resilience loci SUBMERGENCE 1 and ANAEROBIC GERMINATION 1 interact in seedlings established underwater. Plant Direct 2020, 4: e00240. doi: 10.1002/pld3.240
[40]. Hussain S, Yin H, Peng S, Khan FA, Khan F, Sameeullah M, Hussain HA, Huang J, Cui K, Nie L (2016) Comparative transcriptional profiling of primed and non-primed rice seedlings under submergence stress. Front Plant Sci 7: 1125. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01125
[41]. Hisano H, Abe F, Hoffie RE, Kumlehn J (2021) Targeted genome modifications in cereal crops. Breeding Sci. 71: 405. doi: 10.1270/jsbbs.21019
[42]. Shahbaz U, Yu XB, Akhtar W, Ndagijimana R, Rauf H (2020) Golden rice to eradicate vitamin A deficiency in developing countries. Europ J Nutrition & Food Safety 12: 53. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-017-0136-2
[43]. Tian YS, Xu J, Wang B, Fu XY, Gao JJ, Han HJ, Li ZJ, Wang LJ, Zhang FJ, Zhang WH, Deng YD (2021) Riboflavin fortification of rice endosperm by metabolic engineering. Plant Biotechnol J 19: 1483. doi: 10.1111/pbi.13615
[44]. Strobbe S, Verstraete J, Stove C, Van Der Straeten D (2021) Metabolic engineering of rice endosperm towards higher vitamin B1 accumulation. Plant Biotechnol J 19: 1253. doi: 10.1111/pbi.13545